The ozone layer (ozonosphere) is present in the atmosphere surrounding the globe at an altitude of 20-35 km (maximum concentration at an altitude of 23 km). This is the protective layer with the highest concentration of ozone, a type of oxygen with triatomic particles (O3). Although we are talking about the ozone layer, we should actually use the term "film" because all ozone at 0 C and 1 atmosphere pressure forms a coating with a thickness of only 3 mm. Conventionally, the ozone layer has a thickness of 300 Dobson units.
Although the amount of ozone in the stratosphere (the part of the atmosphere reaching an altitude of about 50 km) is small, its value is invaluable. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which is very harmful to humans and other organisms living on Earth. Unfortunately, ozone levels have decreased dramatically over the past 50 years. The phenomenon of a decrease in the concentration of O3 in the Earth's ozone layer is called the ozone hole.
An ozone hole is created by the destruction of the ozone layer as a result of the release of chemical compounds called freons and halons into the atmosphere. These are chlorofluorobromic hydrocarbons (especially methane and ethane), which were supposed to spread in the environment and be harmless to living organisms. In fact, it turned out otherwise. CFCs can be transported over long distances and remain in the atmosphere for up to 100 years. Under the influence of UV radiation, chlorine is released from freons, which enters into a chain reaction with ozone. As a result, one molecule of diatomic oxygen (O2) and one molecule of chlorine oxide are formed. The active chlorine oxide attacks more ozone molecules, giving another chlorine atom, which reacts with ozone over and over again. Freons are used in: • cooling devices (in refrigerators, freezers) and air conditioning; • production of cosmetics (deodorants, hair sprays and other aerosols); • production of polyurethane foam and expanded polystyrene (for example, in insulating fabrics, mattresses); • production of certain paints and adhesives;
Halons are used in the manufacture of fire extinguishers. Consequences of the formation of the ozone hole:
• an increase in the incidence of tumor diseases; • increased incidence of cataracts; • possibility of sunburn; • Increased phytoplankton mortality; • negative effect on nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria; • reduced yields of some crops;
To prevent the formation of an ozone hole, it is necessary to exclude or at least limit the use of freons and halons in chemical production. To do this, it is necessary to introduce unambiguous legal norms governing this issue. Best porn site https://noodlemagazine.com - Watch porn.
